BLOG
KATEGORİDEKİ DİĞER YAZILAR
Nickel is a transition metal found in the 28th position of the periodic table. This element, with the chemical symbol Ni, is widely used in many industrial and commercial applications.
On 22 January 2015, EFSA's Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health associated with the presence of nickel in food and drinking water, setting a tolerable daily intake (TDI). In this context, nickel formation data in food and drinking water collected from 15 different European countries were evaluated.
Nickel is found in both chronic and concluded that it may cause acute effects. On the basis of the critical chronic impact of pregnancy loss, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw was established and it was concluded that this TDI was exceeded in toddlers, children between 36 months and 10 years of age, and also in some cases in infants.
Confirmed that the critical acute effect is eczematous exacerbation reactions on the skin that occur in people sensitive to nickel and concern approximately 15% of the population. The authority concluded that the lowest observed adverse effect level for this effect was 4.3 μg nickel/kg bw and that a margin of exposure (MOE) of 30 or higher is required to protect against this effect. Taking into account available occurrence data, maximum levels for nickel in various foods have been established in Commission Regulation (EU) No 2023/915 (4).
Commission Regulation (EC) No 333/2007 to ensure that samples are representative of the batch sampled and that analytical results are reliable and comparable must be followed;
1. In cooperation with food processors, it should monitor the presence of nickel in foods in 2025, 2026 and 2027.
2. Tracking food supplements, chocolate, chocolate spreads, nut spreads, cocoa beans, grain-based products (especially breakfast cereals, cereals and oatmeal), instant soups, coffee, tea, vegetables, seaweeds, oilseeds, tofu and soy-based It should include soy-based products such as beverages, legumes, nuts, fish and other seafood.
3. Where necessary, it should collect information on mitigation measures to reduce nickel levels in foods. It should also ensure that known mitigation methods are effectively communicated and promoted to farmers and food business operators, and that these mitigation measures are progressively implemented by farmers and food business operators.
4. Sampling procedures and analyzes must be carried out in accordance with the sampling and analysis requirements set out in Regulation (EC) No 333/2007.
Uses of Nickel:
• Alloys: Nickel is a key component of many alloys. It is used in the production of various industrial alloys, such as stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloys, and nickel-chromium alloys. The durability and corrosion resistance of these alloys enable their use in automotive, aerospace, electronics, and chemical industries.
• Electronics: Nickel is also widely used in the electronics industry. It is used in various types of batteries, such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, especially in battery production.
• Plating: Nickel is used for plating metal objects to protect them and give them an aesthetic appearance. Many objects such as accessories, jewelry, faucets, door handles, and automotive parts can be coated with nickel plating.
• Chemical Processes: Nickel is used as a catalyst in many chemical processes, particularly in reactions such as hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in petroleum refineries.
Products Containing Nickel and Tests:
1. Seawater: Seawater naturally contains various minerals and elements, including nickel. Nickel is found in very low concentrations in seawater, generally not posing significant health risks. However, industrial activities or other sources of pollution can increase the nickel content in seawater.
2. Cosmetic Products: Nickel can be found in some cosmetic products, especially in metallic-colored eyeshadows, mascaras, and nail polishes. It may be used as an ingredient to maintain the color and texture of the products. However, the amount of nickel in cosmetic products should be limited according to health regulations.
3. Accessories (Metal Plating): Nickel is commonly used in the production of accessories and jewelry as metal plating. It is frequently found in jewelry and accessories. However, nickel-plated accessories may cause skin reactions for individuals allergic to nickel.
4. Toys: Nickel may be present in metals used in the manufacturing of some toys, especially in metal or metal-plated toys. International standards and regulations limit the amount of allergenic substances like nickel in materials used for toys to ensure safety.
5. Water: Nickel is generally present in drinking water naturally. However, the amount of nickel in drinking water typically does not pose a significant risk to human health. The nickel content in water sources varies depending on local geological conditions and environmental factors. Nickel testing is conducted as part of efforts to detect environmental pollution and the mixing of waste materials into water.
6. Packaging Materials: Some packaging materials, especially those containing metal plating or paint, may contain nickel. Materials used in food and beverage packaging must comply with food safety standards.
7. Feeds and Foods: Some food items naturally contain nickel, such as nuts, grains, chocolate, and certain green leafy vegetables. The amount of nickel in foods is generally very low and usually not a threat to human health. However, individuals with nickel allergies may be advised to avoid such foods. Additionally, the presence of nickel in animal feeds can affect human health through the consumption of animal products.
