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Determination of COD and BOD: Water Quality Measurement

What is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Determination? Why should it be done?

Determination of COD and BOD: Water Quality Measurement

Two of the main parameters used to assess water pollution and monitor the status of water resources are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD ). These measurements are important for determining the level of organic matter pollution and assessing the biological and chemical quality of water.

What is Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)?

COD refers to the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic matter in water. This value is used to measure how much organic pollution a water sample contains and is expressed in mg/L (milligrams per liter).

  • Key Points:
    • COD analysis covers both biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter.
    • High COD values indicate severely contaminated water and reduced dissolved oxygen.


What is Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)?

BOD refers to the amount of oxygen consumed during the biodegradation of organic matter in water by microorganisms. Usually measured over five days, the value called BOD₅ indicates how biologically polluted the water is.

  • Important Points:
    • BOD is only associated with biodegradable organic matter.
    • High BOD levels can lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water and damage aquatic ecosystems.


What are the Differences Between COD and BOD?

Feature COD BOD
Scope Both biological and non-biological organics Only biodegradable organics
Analysis Time Usually a few hours 5 days (BOD₅)
Analysis Method Chemical reactions By microorganism activity
Pollution Level Measures all organic matter pollution Measures biological pollution

What are the Effects of COD and BOD on Water Quality?

  1. Water Ecosystems: High levels of COD and BOD reduce dissolved oxygen levels, making living conditions difficult for fish and other aquatic life.
  2. Waste Water Management: In treatment plants, COD and BOD parameters are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the system and optimize treatment processes.
  3. Environmental Monitoring: COD and BOD are measured regularly to monitor the pollution level of water resources and ensure compliance with legal regulations.

Nanolab Laboratories Group continues to provide services within the scope of COD and BOD Determination. We also provide services in ZHDC Studies.

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