Aflatoxin M₁ Determination: Mycotoxin Analysis for Food Safety
Is Aflatoxin M₁ Harmful?
What is Aflatoxin M₁?
AFM₁ is a derivative resulting from the metabolism of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). When animals consume feed contaminated with AFB₁, this toxin is converted to AFM₁ in the liver and passes into milk and thus into dairy products.
- Chemical Structure: AFM₁ is a highly stable compound structurally similar to AFB₁. Since it is heat resistant, it cannot be completely destroyed by processes such as pasteurization.
- Sources of Contamination:
- Dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter.
- Animal feed
What are the Health Effects of AFM₁?
AFM₁ is classified as a Group 1B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Here are its main health effects:
- Carcinogenic Effects: Increases the risk of liver cancer in particular. Even long-term low dose exposure can cause cancer.
- Toxic Effects: Suppresses the immune system. May cause liver damage.
- Growth Retardation in Children: The presence of AFM₁ in children's milk consumption may cause growth retardation.
- Acute Poisoning: Exposure to high amounts of aflatoxin can lead to liver failure and death.
Aflotoxin Analysis Foods to be Performed are Generally the following:
- Groundnut
- Tree nuts
- Egypt
- Rice
- Figs and other dried foods
- Spices
- Crude vegetable oils
- Cocoa beans
What are the Legal Limits for AFM₁?
Many countries have set legal limits for AFM₁ contamination:
- European Union:
- In infant and children's food: 0.025 µg/L.
- In milk and milk products: 0.05 µg/L.
- Turkey:
- The Turkish Food Codex applies limits in line with EU standards.
- USA:
- FDA sets a limit of 0.5 µg/L in milk and dairy products.
Aflatoxin M₁ is an important mycotoxin for food safety and can pose serious risks to public health. Modern methods of analysis allow for the sensitive and reliable detection of AFM₁. AFM₁ contamination can be minimized by ensuring strict control and supervision at all stages, from production to the consumer. Regular analysis and good agricultural practices are critical for a healthy food chain.
Nano-lab Laboratories Group continues to provide services within the scope of Aflatoxin M₁ Determination. We also provide services in Mycotoxin Analysis.
Contact us for more information.
You can follow us on LinkedIn for up-to-date news and posts about our services.
Follow our Instagram account to be informed about our latest blog posts.