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Nitrogen is among the most common elements in nature. It forms many organic ionic species such as nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The main sources of nitrate in the environment are municipal and industrial waste and artificial fertilizers.
Nitrate (NO₃-) and nitrite (NO₂-) nitrogen are important forms of nitrogen found in aquatic and soil ecosystems. These compounds are part of the nitrogen cycle and can increase in the natural environment due to anthropogenic factors such as agricultural fertilizer use, organic matter decomposition and industrial activities. Regular measurement of nitrate and nitrite levels is important to monitor water quality and soil health.
The estimated daily amount of nitrate consumed by humans is 75-100 mg. The source of this nitrate is drinking water and food products, especially beetroot, celery, lettuce, spinach and canned meat. In general, 80-90% of nitrate comes from vegetables and 5-10% from water.
Therefore, Nitrate / Nitrate Nitrogen Determination is carried out in environmental elements. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water can be considered as 50 mg L-1 and 0.5 mg L-1, respectively. It can cause methemoglobinemia in humans, which is directly related to the conversion of nitrates to nitrites. Although they do not have direct carcinogenic effects, they are associated with the formation of neoplasmic diseases in humans and N-nitrozo compounds that are carcinogenic to animals.
1. Water Quality:
2. Soil Health: Nitrate and nitrite nitrogen in soil are vital plant nutrients. However, excessive nitrate accumulation can increase soil salinity and negatively affect agricultural yields.
3. Environmental Monitoring: Nitrogen pollution from agriculture, industry and urban activities can disrupt ecosystem balance. Therefore, regular monitoring of nitrate and nitrite concentrations is essential for environmental sustainability.
Different analysis methods are available to measure nitrate and nitrite concentrations in water and soil. The choice of these methods is determined by factors such as sample type, analysis sensitivity and laboratory facilities.
1. Spectrophotometric Methods: These methods are based on the principle that nitrate and nitrite form a colored complex with a specific reagent.
2. Ion Chromatography: Nitrate and nitrite ions in the sample are separated in an ion exchange column and measured with a detector.
3. Titrimetric Methods: Nitrate is determined by volumetric measurement by chemical reaction with a specific reagent.
4. Electrochemical Methods: Nitrate and nitrite ions are determined using selective electrodes.
5. Cadmium Reduction Method: Nitrate is reduced to nitrite using a cadmium column and then determined by the Griess method.
The “Regulation on Water Intended for Human Consumption” specifies nitrate and nitrite limits in drinking water:
European Union (EU): The maximum limit for nitrate in drinking water is 50 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for nitrite.
WHO: Guideline values for drinking water are 50 mg/L for nitrate and 3 mg/L for nitrite.
Nanolab Laboratories Group continues to provide services within the scope of Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen Determination. We also provide services in Chemical Analysis in Water.
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