Determination of Total Hardness of Water

Calcium and magnesium ions, which are abundant in water, are the ions that cause water hardness. The hardness of water is expressed as “calcium carbonate concentration equivalent to the total concentration of all cations in the water” due to the presence of calcium and magnesium in excess of all other ions.

The hardness of water is expressed in two ways:

Temporary Hardness (Bicarbonate Hardness): Hardness that results from bicarbonates of metal ions and collapses when heated.
Permanent Hardness: Hardness caused by sulfates, nitrates and chlorides of metal ions that does not collapse when heated and can be removed by chemical processes.

The general hardness degrees of water can be listed as follows:

0-75 ppm: Soft consistency
76-150 ppm: Medium hardness
151-300 ppm: Hard consistency
301 ppm and above: Too harsh

Determination of hardness in water is an important quality test parameter. Hardness analysis is an analysis that is performed primarily and provides information about water in many respects.

CLICK HERE FOR WATER ANALYSIS.