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Detergent can be defined as substances used in the cleaning of some materials in general. Detergents; They consist of organic substances with surface active properties and other chemicals that aid in cleaning.
Composition of Detergents:
- Surfactants
- Foam Regulators
- Auxiliary Materials
- Additives
Surfactants, i.e. surface tension molecules, are polar molecules with high molecular weight and are molecules with two ends. The solubility of one end of the molecules in water is higher than the other end in oil.
Surfactants; They are chemical compounds that affect the surface tension in water or an aqueous solution, mostly by reducing it. Surfactant also affects the tension between surfaces and is also referred to as "surfactant".
Surfactants (surfactants) are used in many solid liquid systems because they change the surface charge of the particles and prevent precipitation depending on the particle size. Surfactants (surfactants) are generally divided into 4 groups:
- Anionic Surfactants: Those carrying negative charges in the active part of the molecule. It is the most commonly used surfactant in synthetic cleaning materials. Ex: Laundry and dishwashing detergents, carpet washing detergent)
- Cationic Surfactants: Those carrying a positive charge on the active part of the molecule. It has less dirt removal feature. It is used in bleach.
- Amphoteric Surfactants: Those carrying neat or positive charges in the active part of the molecule depending on the pH of the solution. They are the least used surfactants. It is mostly used in the cosmetic industry.
- Non-Ionic Surfactants: Does not carry any load. It has very high dirt removal ability. It is preferred for automatic washers due to its foam-free nature.
When producing detergent, the main substance is surfactant. "Surfactants (Surfactants)" are selected based on the environment where dirt and grime in the products are found.
