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Textile products; It is produced from fibers such as natural wool, linen, cotton and silk and synthetic cellulose derivatives and polyamides. Other materials such as metal or rubber components can be added to give the textile product a particular desired property. Textiles are colored or prepared with different materials to give a certain quality and diversify the garment.
The effect of textile fibers on the allergen effects of textile products is rare. Generally, allergen effects are caused by the chemicals used to give certain qualities and performance to the textile product.
Chemical substances used in textile products have become a problem that negatively affects both the environment and public health. In terms of the environment, waste water from dyehouses has serious harm. Some dyes produce toxic decomposition products, and metal-complex dyes release toxic heavy metals into the water.
In researches on possible contact allergy as an active ingredient, it has been determined that some substances used during production can actually be found in finished garments, such as quinolone compounds. In studies examining occupational skin diseases in the dye industry and textile industry, azo dyes were found in textile workers, and formaldehyde and chromate in those working in the leather and dyeing industries.
In a different study, occupational allergic contact dermatitis was found to be associated primarily with lesions on the hands and wrists of workers. In addition, the risk of hand dermatitis among textile vendors and even common occupational allergic contact dermatitis has been reported in this group. Dermatitis can be seen preferably in areas of close contact between the skin and textiles (especially where friction or perspiration occurs).
So, can an allergenic effect caused by fibers occur without applying a chemical process?
Allergic reactions from wool have been reported in ancient sources. However, a recent study found that wool does not have a direct allergenic effect. In addition, skin rash may occur due to cotton products due to skin irritation.
Allergic reactions of textile products occur depending on how the textile is prepared and processed. Biocides used for protection during production and transportation of textile products and preventing bad odor in sports products are among the important causes of dermatitis. Various biocides are used in textile products, including triclosan, zinc pyrithione, MCI / MI, dichlorooctylisothiazolinone, dimethyl fumarate and silver particles.
Also, the processing of textiles (eg sulfides used during bleaching) can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Formaldehyde also causes significant allergic effects. The most common allergic reaction caused by textile dyes is Type IV reactions. Rarely, Type I reactions are also seen.
