BLOG
KATEGORİDEKİ DİĞER YAZILAR
Water for human consumption, potable water, pool water, sea water and hemodialysis water should be reported by testing and analyzing in certain periods in many test parameters in general.
Chemical analysis in question:
Determination of Heavy Metals: As urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater enters, biological and chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, also enter water sources. Although some of these metals are essential as micronutrients, their high concentrations in the food chain can cause toxicity and environmental impacts and endanger aquatic ecosystems and users. Therefore, in water samples, Aluminum (Al), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), Barium (Ba), Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Vanadium (V), Boron (B), Iron (Fe), Phosphorus (P), Tin (Sn), Calcium (Ca), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Strontium (Sr) are being tested.
Determination of Nitrite / Nitrate Nitrogen: Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrate ion (NO3 -) is the stable combined nitrogen for oxygenated systems. Although it is not chemically reactive, it can be reduced by microbial action. The nitrite ion (NO2 -) contains nitrogen in a relatively unstable oxidation state. Chemical and biological processes can reduce nitrite to various compounds or oxidize it to nitrate. The nitrate concentration in surface water is normally low (0–18 mg / l), but can reach high levels as a result of agricultural runoff, waste discharge streams or contamination with human or animal waste.
Determination of Alkalinity: Alkalinity is a chemical measure of a water's ability to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is also a measure of the buffering capacity of a water or its ability to resist changes in pH upon addition of acids or bases. The alkalinity of natural waters is mainly due to the presence of weak acid salts, but strong bases can also contribute to industrial waters.
Determination of Free Chlorine: The presence of free chlorine in drinking water as chlorine residue, free chlorine residue, residual chlorine indicates: it may be added to water to inactivate bacteria and some viruses, or added to protect the water from contamination during storage may be. The presence of free chlorine in drinking water is associated with the absence of most disease-causing organisms and is therefore a measure of the drinkability of the water.
Determination of Chloride: Chlorine in the form of chloride (Cl-) ion is one of the main inorganic anions in water and wastewater. Chloride concentration in wastewater is higher than raw water. High concentrations of chlorine can be found along the seashore due to salt water seeping into the sewage system. It can also be increased by industrial treatment. In drinking water, the salty taste produced by the chloride concentration is variable and depends on the chemical composition of the water. High chlorine content can damage metal pipes and structures as well as growing plants.
Determination of Salinity: Salinity is the measure of the amount of salts dissolved in water. It is usually expressed as parts per thousand (ppt) or percent (%). The salinity value of fresh water coming from rivers is 0.5 ppt or less. Salinity levels within the estuary are called oligohaline (0.5-5.0 ppt), mesohaline (5.0-18.0 ppt) or polyhaline (18.0-30.0 ppt). Near the connection with the offshore, estuarine waters may be eukhalin with salinity levels greater than 30.0 ppt where the ocean is the same.
Salinity varies from place to place in the oceans, but the relative proportions of the largest dissolved ingredients remain almost constant. Although there are smaller amounts of other ions in seawater (eg K +, Mg2 +, SO4 2-), sodium (Na +) and chloride (Cl-) ions represent about 91% of all seawater ions. Fresh water has much lower salt ions.
Determination of Fluoride: Fluoride is a substance used in artificial fluoridation of water resources, which is considered necessary for healthy teeth and bone development. Fluoride also participates in water supplies through the production of phosphate-containing fertilizers and aluminum processing industries. High levels of fluoride consumption in drinking water can cause acute stomach problems and kidney failure as well as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Therefore, the fluoride level in water sources is an essential parameter to be controlled.
